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<meta name="twitter:description" content="网络编程–基础每一个网络应用基本都是由一个服务器进程和一个或多个客户端进程组成.服务器负责管理某种资源,如ftp服务器负责管理一组磁盘文件,web服务器负责管理一些动态或静态资源.网络编程的模型也就是&amp;quot;客户端-服务器端&amp;quot;模型,请注意此处的客户端和服务器均是指的进程,而不是主机,一台主机上可以运行多个服务进程.  网络编程–基础  ：网络基础 ；传统的BIO 模式；   &amp;lt;">

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        <h3 id="网络编程–基础"><a href="#网络编程–基础" class="headerlink" title="网络编程–基础"></a>网络编程–基础</h3><pre><code>每一个网络应用基本都是由一个服务器进程和一个或多个客户端进程组成.服务器负责管理某种资源,如ftp服务器负责管理一组磁盘文件,web服务器负责管理一些动态或静态资源.网络编程的模型也就是&quot;客户端-服务器端&quot;模型,请注意此处的客户端和服务器均是指的进程,而不是主机,一台主机上可以运行多个服务进程.
</code></pre><hr>
<p>网络编程–基础<br></p>
<ol>
<li>：网络基础</li>
<li>；传统的BIO 模式；</li>
</ol>
<hr>
<h4 id="lt-一-gt-网络基础"><a href="#lt-一-gt-网络基础" class="headerlink" title="&lt;一&gt;.网络基础"></a>&lt;一&gt;.网络基础</h4><pre><code>两个不同主机之间需要进行通信,需要利用各种硬件(光纤,路由器,交换机等)实现物理连接组成局域网和广域网.这些网络中的主机如果需要进行通信,就需要遵守相同的约定,即协议.
网络中的应用抽象成7层,各层都有对应的协议,这些协议有两种基本的功能即命名方法(确定通信的双方的身份)和传送机制(如何把信息传送过去)
    7层模型                        四层模型     &lt;br/&gt;
       应用层            ┐ ├ ┼ ┤ ┘ ┴ └   &lt;br/&gt;
       表示层            ┃          应用层
       会话层            ┘
       传输层            〓         传输层
       网络层            〓         网络互连层
       数据链路层         ╖         主机到网络层
       物理层             ┘
</code></pre><h5 id="协议："><a href="#协议：" class="headerlink" title="协议："></a>协议：</h5><pre><code>* TCP协议(传输控制协议)提供两个进程间的可靠数据通信,两个进程通信之前需要建立可靠的数据连接;
* UDP协议,广播式数据传输,传输数据前不需要先建立连接,只是把应用层的数据交给网络层,不保证数据能正确到达目的地
</code></pre><h5 id="网络通信的方式"><a href="#网络通信的方式" class="headerlink" title="网络通信的方式  "></a>网络通信的方式  <br></h5><pre><code>1.socket:  &lt;br/&gt;
  应用程序中如何应用TCP/IP协议将数据包发送给对方呢? &lt;br/&gt;
  此时出现了socket,它不是一种协议,而是对TCP/UDP等协议进行封装以后供程序调用的接口,代码中调用相应的接口,即可将数据发送给对方.这种编程方式叫做socket编程.客户端建立一个socket,服务端建立一个socket,二者建立连接后便可以进行通信,以TCP协议的socket为例,步骤如下:         &lt;br/&gt;
    1)服务端创建一个socket,并且需要指定相应的端口(端口为2字节),此时这个服务进程便于该端口绑定,监听端口的连接请求;         &lt;br/&gt;
    2)客户端创建一个socket,客户端的端口号一般由内核分配,         &lt;br/&gt;
    3)客户端的socket向某IP地址:端口的socket发送连接请求;         &lt;br/&gt;
    4)服务端的socket监听到连接请求后建立连接,此时两个socket便建立了可靠地TCP连接,可以进行通信;     &lt;br/&gt;    
    5)通信结束后客户端关闭socket并向服务端发送关闭请求;         &lt;br/&gt;
    6)服务端受到关闭请求后关闭socket         &lt;br/&gt;
  socket是长连接,连接建立后可以多次通信,最后主动关闭连接.实际中可能长时间不通信socket也会断掉,此时需要自己实现心跳机制确保连接不断开; &lt;br/&gt;
2.HTTP     &lt;br/&gt;
    HTPP连接其实也是通过socket连接实现的,由浏览器负责建立socket连接,但是HTTP是短连接,每次通信结束后都会断开,下次再重新建立连接. &lt;br/&gt;
</code></pre><h5 id="IO-BIO-NIO-区别："><a href="#IO-BIO-NIO-区别：" class="headerlink" title="IO BIO NIO 区别："></a>IO BIO NIO 区别：</h5><pre><code>其本质的区别就是：阻塞与非阻塞的区别
阻塞概念：应用程序获取网络数据，处于一直等待服务端数据返回的状态，直到服务端输出传送完毕。
非阻塞概念：应用程序可以获取已经准备好的数据，无需等待；
IO ：同步阻塞形式；
NIO：同步非阻塞的形式；NIO并没有实现异步；
AIO：也就是JDK1.7之后的NIO2.0 支持异步非阻塞通信。
同步/非同步
  同步与非同步：一般是面向操作系统与应用程序对IO操作的层面上来区分的、
  同步：应用程序直接参数IO读写操作，并且应用程序会阻塞到某一个方法上，直到数据准备就绪，或者采用某种策略：轮询的策略实时的检测数据的就绪状态。
  异步：是所有的IO读写操作交给操作系统处理，与应用程序没有直接关系，程序不关心IO读写。当操作系统完成IO读写操作时，发送通知给应用程序，应用程序直接获取数据即可。
同步说的是你的Server服务端的执行方式；
阻塞说的是具体的技术，接受数据的方式。
</code></pre><h4 id="lt-二-gt-Socket-编程"><a href="#lt-二-gt-Socket-编程" class="headerlink" title="&lt;二&gt;. Socket 编程"></a>&lt;二&gt;. Socket 编程</h4><h5 id="示例：DEMO1"><a href="#示例：DEMO1" class="headerlink" title="示例：DEMO1 "></a>示例：DEMO1 <br></h5><pre><code>说明：传统的BIO 模式； &lt;br/&gt;
</code></pre><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span 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class="line">91</span><br><span class="line">92</span><br><span class="line">93</span><br><span class="line">94</span><br><span class="line">95</span><br><span class="line">96</span><br><span class="line">97</span><br><span class="line">98</span><br><span class="line">99</span><br><span class="line">100</span><br><span class="line">101</span><br><span class="line">102</span><br><span class="line">103</span><br><span class="line">104</span><br><span class="line">105</span><br><span class="line">106</span><br><span class="line">107</span><br><span class="line">108</span><br><span class="line">109</span><br><span class="line">110</span><br><span class="line">111</span><br><span class="line">112</span><br><span class="line">113</span><br><span class="line">114</span><br><span class="line">115</span><br><span class="line">116</span><br><span class="line">117</span><br><span class="line">118</span><br><span class="line">119</span><br><span class="line">120</span><br><span class="line">121</span><br><span class="line">122</span><br><span class="line">123</span><br><span class="line">124</span><br><span class="line">125</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//Server</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Server</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> PROT = <span class="number">8765</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		ServerSocket server = <span class="keyword">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">			server = <span class="keyword">new</span> ServerSocket(PROT);</span><br><span class="line">			System.out.println(<span class="string">" server start .. "</span>);</span><br><span class="line">			<span class="comment">//进行阻塞</span></span><br><span class="line">			Socket socket = server.accept();</span><br><span class="line">			<span class="comment">//新建一个线程执行客户端的任务</span></span><br><span class="line">			<span class="keyword">new</span> Thread(<span class="keyword">new</span> ServerHandler(socket)).start();</span><br><span class="line">		&#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">			e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">		&#125; <span class="keyword">finally</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">			<span class="keyword">if</span>(server != <span class="keyword">null</span>)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">				<span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">					server.close();</span><br><span class="line">				&#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (IOException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">					e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">				&#125;</span><br><span class="line">			&#125;</span><br><span class="line">			server = <span class="keyword">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">		&#125;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// Client</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Client</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> String ADDRESS = <span class="string">"127.0.0.1"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> PORT = <span class="number">8765</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		Socket socket = <span class="keyword">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">		BufferedReader in = <span class="keyword">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">		PrintWriter out = <span class="keyword">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">			socket = <span class="keyword">new</span> Socket(ADDRESS, PORT);</span><br><span class="line">			in = <span class="keyword">new</span> BufferedReader(<span class="keyword">new</span> InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));</span><br><span class="line">			out = <span class="keyword">new</span> PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), <span class="keyword">true</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">			<span class="comment">//向服务器端发送数据</span></span><br><span class="line">			out.println(<span class="string">"接收到客户端的请求数据..."</span>);</span><br><span class="line">			out.println(<span class="string">"接收到客户端的请求数据1111..."</span>);</span><br><span class="line">			String response = in.readLine();</span><br><span class="line">			System.out.println(<span class="string">"Client: "</span> + response);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">		&#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">			e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">		&#125; <span class="keyword">finally</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">			<span class="keyword">if</span>(in != <span class="keyword">null</span>)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">				<span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">					in.close();</span><br><span class="line">				&#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (IOException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">					e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">				&#125;</span><br><span class="line">			&#125;</span><br><span class="line">			<span class="keyword">if</span>(out != <span class="keyword">null</span>)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">				<span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">					out.close();</span><br><span class="line">				&#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">					e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">				&#125;</span><br><span class="line">			&#125;</span><br><span class="line">			<span class="keyword">if</span>(socket != <span class="keyword">null</span>)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">				<span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">					socket.close();</span><br><span class="line">				&#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (IOException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">					e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">				&#125;</span><br><span class="line">			&#125;</span><br><span class="line">			socket = <span class="keyword">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">		&#125;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//Acept处理逻辑</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">ServerHandler</span> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title">Runnable</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">private</span> Socket socket ;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="title">ServerHandler</span><span class="params">(Socket socket)</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">this</span>.socket = socket;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">run</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		BufferedReader in = <span class="keyword">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">		PrintWriter out = <span class="keyword">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">			in = <span class="keyword">new</span> BufferedReader(<span class="keyword">new</span> InputStreamReader(<span class="keyword">this</span>.socket.getInputStream()));</span><br><span class="line">			out = <span class="keyword">new</span> PrintWriter(<span class="keyword">this</span>.socket.getOutputStream(), <span class="keyword">true</span>);</span><br><span class="line">			String body = <span class="keyword">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">			<span class="keyword">while</span>(<span class="keyword">true</span>)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">				body = in.readLine();</span><br><span class="line">				<span class="keyword">if</span>(body == <span class="keyword">null</span>) <span class="keyword">break</span>;</span><br><span class="line">				System.out.println(<span class="string">"Server :"</span> + body);</span><br><span class="line">				out.println(<span class="string">"服务器端回送响的应数据."</span>);</span><br><span class="line">			&#125;</span><br><span class="line">		&#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">			e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">		&#125; <span class="keyword">finally</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">			<span class="keyword">if</span>(in != <span class="keyword">null</span>)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">				<span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">					in.close();</span><br><span class="line">				&#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (IOException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">					e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">				&#125;</span><br><span class="line">			&#125;</span><br><span class="line">			<span class="keyword">if</span>(out != <span class="keyword">null</span>)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">				<span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">					out.close();</span><br><span class="line">				&#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">					e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">				&#125;</span><br><span class="line">			&#125;</span><br><span class="line">			<span class="keyword">if</span>(socket != <span class="keyword">null</span>)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">				<span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">					socket.close();</span><br><span class="line">				&#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (IOException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">					e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">				&#125;</span><br><span class="line">			&#125;</span><br><span class="line">			socket = <span class="keyword">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">		&#125;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

      
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        <p><span>本文标题:</span><a href="/maoge-blog/2018/05/05/花神(maoge)/2.网络编程/1.网络编程--基础-socket/">网络编程--基础</a></p>
        <p><span>文章作者:</span><a href="/" title="回到主页">zhengweiMao</a></p>
        <p><span>发布时间:</span>2018-05-05, 02:01:23</p>
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            <ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#网络编程–基础"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">网络编程–基础</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#lt-一-gt-网络基础"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">&lt;一&gt;.网络基础</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#协议："><span class="toc-number">1.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">协议：</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#网络通信的方式"><span class="toc-number">1.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">网络通信的方式  </span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#IO-BIO-NIO-区别："><span class="toc-number">1.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">IO BIO NIO 区别：</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#lt-二-gt-Socket-编程"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">&lt;二&gt;. Socket 编程</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#示例：DEMO1"><span class="toc-number">1.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">示例：DEMO1 </span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol>
        
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